What are the principle of PV power generation systems? How many parts does the photovoltaic power generation system consist of?

Solar energy is an inexhaustible green renewable energy source. The utilization of solar PV has obvious advantages like the cleanness of utilization, the universality of existence, and the "infinity" of reserves. Solar energy is just like the clean energy of wind energy. It does not produce any pollution when it is developed and utilized and has unlimited reserves. It is ideal alternative energy for human beings. What is the principle of photovoltaic power generation today? How many parts does the photovoltaic power generation system consist of?

Introduction to the Principle of Photovoltaic Power Generation 

The principle of photovoltaic power generation is as follows.

This is one of the problems with solar photovoltaic power generation for newcomers to the photovoltaic industry. Photovoltaic power generation is a technology that uses the photovoltaic effect of the semiconductor interface to directly convert light energy into electrical energy. The key components are solar cells, and other components include battery packs, controllers, etc. Solar cells store sunlight through a large area of solar cell modules and then convert solar energy into electricity through a series of technical operations.

The Composition of Photovoltaic Power Generation Systems

The photovoltaic power generation system including floating PV systems consists of photovoltaic modules (panels), controllers, storage batteries, DC/AC inverters, etc. The core component of the photovoltaic power generation system including floating PV solutions is the photovoltaic module, which is composed of photovoltaic cells in series, in parallel, and packaged. It directly converts solar energy into electrical energy. The electricity generated by PV modules is DC electricity, which can be directly applied in the form of DC electricity, or converted into AC electricity by inverters for application. From another point of view, we can use the electric energy generated by the photovoltaic system immediately, or store it with energy storage devices such as batteries. We will release it for use at any time as needed.

1. Solar panels
The solar panel is the core part of the photovoltaic power generation system including floating solar systems. It is also the part with high value in the photovoltaic power generation system. Its function is to convert solar radiation energy into electrical energy, which can be sent to the battery for storage and can also drive the load to work. The quality and cost of solar panels will directly determine the quality and cost of the entire system.

2. PV mounting structures
The solar photovoltaic structure is a special bracket used to place. It will install and fix the solar panel in the solar photovoltaic power generation system including floating solar solutions. General materials include aluminum alloy, carbon steel, stainless steel, galvanized parts, etc. Generally speaking, the PV mounting structure including the floating PV mounting structure shall meet the requirements of wind load, snow load, and earthquake. The design layout and spacing shall be combined with local sunshine conditions. It needs 10 years without corrosion and 20 years without stiffness reduction.

3. Solar controllers
The function of the solar controller is to control the working state of the whole system and protect the battery from overcharging and over-discharging. In places with large temperature differences, the qualified solar controller shall also have a temperature compensation function. Other additional functions, such as a light control switch and time control switch, should be provided by the solar controller.

4. Battery (not required for grid-connected systems)
Generally, they are lead-acid batteries, nickel metal hydride batteries, nickel-cadmium batteries, or lithium batteries. They can also be used in small systems. Since the input energy of the photovoltaic power generation system is extremely unstable. It is generally necessary to configure a battery system to work. Its function is to store the electric energy generated by the solar panel when there is light and release it when needed.

4. Inverters
On many occasions, 220VAC and 110VAC AC power supplies are required. The direct output of solar energy is generally 12VDC, 24VDC and 48VDC. To provide power to 220VAC electrical appliances, it is necessary to convert the DC power generated by the photovoltaic power generation system into AC power. Therefore, the DC-AC inverter is required. In some cases, when multiple voltage loads are required, DC-DC inverters are also used, like converting 24VDC electrical energy into 5VDC electrical energy.

5. Solar inverters
The above is about the principle of photovoltaic power generation and the composition of the solar PV system. I believe you have a certain understanding. Solar energy has three advantages: permanence, cleanness, and flexibility. The life of a photovoltaic system is long. As long as the sun exists, it can be invested once and used for a long time. Compared with thermal power generation and nuclear power generation, solar power generation will not cause environmental pollution.